S100A12; RBX-100UG

Analysis Note

ControlHL-60 cells, and human PMN/Granulocytes {Vogl, T et al (1999) “S100A12 Is Expressed Exclusively by Granulocytes and Acts Independently from MRP8 and MRP14” J. Biol. Chem. 274(3):25291-25296}.

Application

Research CategoryNeuroscience

This Anti-S100A12 Antibody is validated for use in ELISA, IH, WB for the detection of S100A12.

Western blot: 1:1,000-1:10,000 on recombinant human S100A12.
Immunohistochemistry: fesh frozen, acetone fixed sections 1:100-1:500 using ABC enzymatic detection methods (Srikrishna, G. et al, 2005). Other fixation conditions not yet tested.
ELISA: 1:10,000-1:100,000 against the recombinant human S100A12.
It is expected that the antibody will also work for immunohistochemistry.

Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user.

Research Sub CategoryNeurochemistry & NeurotrophinsNeuroinflammation & Pain

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

General description

S100 calcium binding protein A12, also known as S100A12, EN-RAGE, and calgranulin C, is a proinflammatory protein with significant potential as a biomarker. It is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. The member S100A12 is proposed to be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities. It has been reported to be secreted by activated granulocytes and binds to the receptor for advanced gycation end products, which induces NfkappaB-dependent activation of endothelium (Foell et al., 2003). S100A12 is strongly expressed in inflamed synovial tissue typical in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis and may also prove an excellent biomarker for Inflammatory bowel disease (Kaiser et al., 2007). S100A12 protein may also be involved in chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions including those of Type II diabetics (Kosaki et al. 2004) and the acceleration of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients (Mori et al., 2009).

Foell, D. et al. (2003). Expression of the pro-inflammatory protein S100A12 (EN-RAGE) in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol. 42:1383-1389.
Kaiser, T. et al. (2007). Faecal S100A12 as a non-invasive marker distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 56:1706-1713.
Kosaki, A. et al. (2004). Increased plasma S100A12 (EN-RAGE) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 89:5423-5428.
Mori, Y. et al. (2009). Increased Plasma S100A12 (EN-RAGE) levels in hemodialysis patients with atherosclerosis. Am. J. Nephrol. 29:18-24.

Immunogen

Full length recombinant His-tagged human S100A12 that was expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography prior to immunization.

Legal Information

CHEMICON is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Physical form

Liquid in PBS with 0.1% sodium azide.

Specificity

By western blot this polyclonal antibody recognizes a band at ~10-11 kDa under reducing conditions. A dimer can be sometimes be seen at ~ 21 kDa using recombinant human S100A12. Antibody was affinity purifed over immobilized S100A12 prior to vialing.

Storage and Stability

Maintain at -20°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 6 months after date of receipt. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.